Put yourself in Google's shoes: You know that business is becoming increasingly mobile, but the mobile operating system you maintain is wide open by design, and it's garnered legions of loyal fans that love to explore and exploit every aspect of it. There's a clear conflict of interest developing.
If you maintain status quo, you'll lose valuable enterprise customers, banking apps will flee, and media companies with DRM-protected content will shun your OS. But if you lock everything down tight, you'll take away one of the main reasons many people choose your operating system over your top competitor's offering.
Quite the quandary, right? Well, Google came up with a perfect compromise in the form of a system called SafetyNet, and while it's pacified one side of the argument, users who like to root and modify Android are in an uproar. The apprehension is understandable, but it's missing the point.
Why SafetyNet Is Good for Enterprise, Banking & DRM Apps
Back in 2014, Google was facing a crisis: Many companies simply felt Android was not secure enough to allow their employees to bring Android-powered devices onto their private networks. Apps that the employee installed, as well as personal data that was stored on the device, were not fully separated from apps and proprietary data that the company may have needed to install on the device.
Around this same time, Google had just added support for multiple users to Android. You'd think that would have solved the problem by allowing employers to install their apps and proprietary data to a secondary user space, but unfortunately, there was still some potential for the primary user apps to access this data. To remedy this, Google partnered with Samsung to bring some of the Korean company's KNOX security features to Android.
This Android-KNOX partnership added two key features: First, user spaces were now encrypted using separate keys, and second, Android now had a system that ensured there was no interruption or hackery when booting to a user space. The second feature became known as Android Verified Boot (AVB), and it laid the groundwork for the system we now call SafetyNet.
SafetyNet expanded on many of these principles by providing an API that apps could use to see if the AVB process had been bypassed, if the device had been tampered with in any way, or if the device was not certified by Google. Put simply, if there was any funny business happening with your phone, SafetyNet could inform apps of the issue, then security-minded apps could simply refuse to run.
This is where SafetyNet intersects with root. Rooted users have access to their device's entire file system, which means they could potentially copy proprietary files. But SafetyNet knows that the device is rooted in almost all cases, and it can report this fact to security-minded apps. So not only does SafetyNet pacify the enterprise segment by ensuring that proprietary data is fully sandboxed, but it also makes banking apps and DRM-protected content providers feel a lot more secure when making their services available on Android.
If a company like Netflix is worried about rooted users bypassing their DRM to save pirated copies of their shows and movies, the Netflix app can just check with SafetyNet to see if the user is rooted, and if they are, simply refuse to install or run. Similarly, if a company like Chase is skeptical about getting on board with Android Pay, they can now rest assured that SafetyNet will have their backs.
Why SafetyNet Is Good for Rooters & Modders
Everything we've talked about so far sounds like a great deal for enterprise, banking, and DRM apps — but what about those of us who mainly choose Android over iOS because of the customization options root provides? On the surface, it definitely seems like we're getting shafted since we can no longer access several apps, but if you dig a bit deeper, you'll realize this whole SafetyNet approach actually shows that Google genuinely cares about us.
Most root methods utilize Fastboot to flash or boot a custom recovery image, which then allows you to install root binaries on your phone. This isn't exploiting some security loophole, either — Fastboot is actually provided by Google for the explicit purpose of flashing or booting from image files. Even when Google made some changes that would've otherwise broken Fastboot flashing, they made sure to go back and add an option to Android's Settings menu that outright allows you to enable these features by simply ticking a box (OEM unlocking).
So when it comes to SafetyNet's API that lets apps know if your firmware is modified, Google had a much easier option that they declined to exercise: Just remove Fastboot and the OEM unlocking setting. If they had done that, we would've only had kernel exploits to turn to if we wanted to root — in other words, rooting would have to take place within Android instead of Fastboot or recovery mode.
This would have put us in a similar position to jailbreakers on iOS lately, in that root methods would get shut down just as quickly as they popped up. In the same way that Apple doesn't have a system similar to SafetyNet, Google would have never needed to create SafetyNet if they had gone this route, as it would have been safe for enterprise, DRM, and banking apps to assume that Android users weren't rooted.
Yet, Google indeed spent countless man-hours and millions of dollars creating SafetyNet — why? Because they understand that root is important to many of their users, and they wanted to give us an option: Either keep your device stock and maintain the ability to use apps that rely on SafetyNet, or go ahead and root, but know that you'll lose access to some apps.
Google has since gone on to apply more restrictions to SafetyNet — most recently, they're now allowing app developers to hide their apps on the Play Store if your device fails SafetyNet's attestation check. While this may give you a feeling that they're tightening the screws, know that they're doing it for a good reason: To keep app makers happy without taking away our ability to root.
Oh, and by the way — because we still have access to Fastboot flashing and custom recovery images, Android's development community has already found a way to bypass SafetyNet while being rooted. Check it out at the following link, and make sure to share your thoughts on SafetyNet in the comment section below.
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